Passage4

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Successfulinnovationshavedrivenmanyoldertechnologiestoextinctionandhaveresultedinhigherproductivity,greaterconsumptionofenergy,increaseddemandofrawmaterials,acceleratedflowofmaterialsthroughtheeconomyandincreasedquantitiesofmetalsandothersubstancesinuseeachperson.Thehistoryofindustrialdevelopmentaboundswithexamples.

In1870,horsesandmulesweretheprimesourceofpoweronU.S.farms.Onehorseormulewasrequiredtosupportfourhumanbeingsaratiothatremainedalmostconstantformanydecades.Atthattime,hadanationalcommissionbeenaskedtoforecastthepopulationfor1970,itsanswerprobablywouldhavedependedonwhetheritsconsultantswereofaneconomicortechnologicalturnofmind.Hadtheybeen“economists”,theywouldprobablyhaveprojectedthe1970horsesormulepopulationtobemorethan50million.Hadtheybeen“technologists”,theywouldhaverecognizedthatthepowerofsteamhadalreadybeenharnessedtoindustryandtolearnandoceantransport.Theywouldhaverecognizedfurtherthatitwouldbetheprimesourceofpoweronthefarm.Itwouldhavebeendifficultforthemtoavoidtheconclusionthatthehorseandmulepopulationwoulddeclinerapidly.

16.Accordingtothepassage,whatsuppliedmostofthepoweronU.S.farmsin1870?

A.AnimalsB.HumansC.EnginesD.Water

17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasaconsequenceofnewtechnologicaldevelopments?

A.Oldertechnologiesdieaway.

B.ThequalityoflifeisImproved.

C.Overallproductivityincrease.

D.Morerawmaterialsbecomenecessary.

18.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatby1870.

A.technologybegantobemoreeconomical

B.thesteamenginehadbeeninvented

C.theU.S.horsepopulationwasabout10million

D.anationalcommissionwasabout10million

19.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat“economists”would.

A.plantheeconomythroughyearlyforecasts

B.failtoconsidertheinfluenceoftechnologicalinnovation

C.valuetheeconomiccontributionoffarmanimals

D.consultthenationalcommissionontheeconomy

20.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardchangesbroughtonbytechnologicalinnovations?

A.Heisexcitedaboutthem.

B.Heacceptthemasnatural.

C.Heisdisturbedbythem.

D.Hequestionstheirusefulness.

Thisisthemilitary____.Nobodyisallowedtogetinwithoutpermission.

PartIVTranslation

Yetcowboyslikedtheirwayoflife.Theylivedinawildandopencountry.Theylivedalifeofadventureandfreedom.(PassageThree)

Peoplewithdisabilitiescomprisealargepartofthepopulation.Itisestimatedthatover35millionAmericanshavephysical,mental,orotherdisabilities.Abouthalfofthesedisabilitiesare“developmental”,i.e.,theyoccurpriortotheindividual’stwenty-secondbirthday,oftenformgeneticconditions,andaresevereenoughtoeffectthreeormoreareasofdevelopment,suchasmobility,communication,employment,etc.Mostotherdisabilitiesareconsidered“adventitious”,i.e.,accidentalorcausedbyoutsideforces.

Priortothe20thcentury,onlyasmallpercentageofpeoplewithdisabilitiessurvivedforlong.Medicaltreatmentforthesedisabilitieswasunavailable.Advancementsinmedicineandsocialserviceshavecreatedaclimateinwhichpeoplewithdisabilitiescanexperttohavesuchbasicneedsasfood,shelter,andmedicaltreatment.Unfortunately,thesebasicareoftennotavailable.Civillibertiessuchastherighttovote,marry,getaneducation,andagainemploymenthavehistoricallybeendeniedonthebasicofdisability.

Inrecentdecades,thedisabilityrightsmovementhasbeenorganizedtoflightagainsttheseinfringements(侵害)ofcivilrights.Congressrespondedbypassingmajorlegislationrecognizingpeoplewithdisabilitiesasprotectedclassundercivilrightsstatutes.

Stilltoday,peoplewithdisabilitiesmustfighttolivetheirlivesindependently.ItisestimatedthatmorethanhalfofqualifiedAmericanswithdisabilitiesareunemployed,andamajorityofthosewhodoworkareunderemployed.Abouttwo-thirdsliveatorbelowtheofficialpovertylevel.

Significantbarriers,especiallyintransportationandpublicawareness,preventdisabledpeoplefromtakingpartinsociety.Forexample,whilenolongerprohibitedbylawfrommarrying,apersonwithnoaccesstotransportationiseffectivelyexcludedfromcommunityandsocialactivitieswhichmightleadtothedevelopmentoflong-termrelationships.

Itwillonlybewhenpublicattitudesadvanceasfaraslawsarethatdisabledpeoplewillbefullyabletotaketotheirrightplaceinsociety.

16.”developmental”disability.

A.developsveryslowlyovertimeB.iscausedforces

C.occursinyouthandaffectsdevelopmentD.isgettingmoreandmoresevere

17.Mostdisabledpeopleusedtodieearlybecause.

A.disabilitiesdestroyedmajorbodilyfunctionsB.theywerenotverywelllookedafter

C.medicaltechniqueswerenotavailableD.theyweretoopoortogetpropertreatment

18.Intheauthor’sopinion,toenablethedisabledpeopletotaketheirrightfulplaceinsociety,.

A.morelawsshouldbepassedB.publicattitudesshouldbechanged

C.governmentshouldprovidemoreaidsD.morepublicfacilitiesshouldbeactup

19.Whichofthefollowingcannotbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Manydisabledpeoplemayremainsinglefortheirwholelife.

B.Thepublictendstolookdownuponthedisabledpeople.

C.Thedisabledpeoplefeelinferiortothosesurroundingthem.

D.Discriminatory(有差别的)lawspreventthedisabledfrommixingwithothers.

20.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe.

A.HandicapsofPeoplewithDisabilitiesB.TheDifficultiesoftheDisabled

C.TheCausesforDisabilitiesD.MedicalTreatmentsforDisabilities

PartIIVocabularyandStructure(共40小题，每小题1分，共40分)

Directions:Inthisparttherearefortyincompletesentences.Eachsentenceisfollowedbyfourchoices.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandthenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

21.It’sstillearlyinthemorning.Thereisn’tintheoffice.

A.anyoneB.everyoneC.nobodyD.anypeople

22.isnotknownwhattheydiscussedinthemeeting.

A.ThatB.HeC.ThisD.It

23.Yhesadnewsbrokeherandshehasbeengloomyeversince.

A.feelingsB.emotionsC.mindD.heart

24.Heismuchofagentlemantofight.

A.soB.asC.veryD.too

25.Notuntilthistermtorealizehowimportantthissubjectistohisfuturecareerasadiplomat.

A.hebeganB.hahasbegunC.didhebeginD.thathahasbegun

26.whowouldliketogoonthetripshouldputtheirnamesonthelist.

A.ThoseB.TheseC.SomebodyD.Theones

27.Abottleweighslessafterairistakenout,provesthatairhasweight.

A.weB.itC.whichD.what

28.Howlong?

A.yousupposediditlastB.doyousupposeitlasted

C.didyousupposeitlastD.yousupposeitlasted

29.Smmithhadsometroubletheman’saccent.

A.tounderstandB.understandingC.forunderstandingD.withunderstanding

30.Thenextfewdayscouldbeforthepeacenegotiation.

A.maximumB.practicalC.criticalD.urgent

31.Hequitealotwhenhewasyoung.

A.usedtotravelB.usedtotravelingC.wasusedtotravelD.wouldusedtotravel

32.Youmeyourtelephonenumberincasesomeonewantstocontactyou.

A.hadbettergiveB.hadbettergivenC.hadbettertogiveD.hadbettergave

33.MaryusedtotheroomwithLinda.

A.separateB.divideC.holdD.share

34.—Mustwehandinourexercise-booksnow?

—No,you.

A.mustn’tB.don’tC.needn’tD.can’t

35.Shepulledawayfromthewindowanyoneshouldseethem.

A.lestB.eventhoughC.unlessD.onlyif

36.Notahasbeenfoundsofarthatcanhelpthepolicefindthecriminal.

A.factB.clueC.symbolD.sign

37.Shewouldmakeateacherfarsuperiortheaverage.

A.overB.thanC.beyondD.to

38.Radioisdifferentfromtelevisioninitsendsandreceivespictures.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.this

39.Tomandjackhavereturnedbutstudentsofthegrouphaven’tcomebackyet.

A.otherB.theothersC.othersD.another

40.Ithalfayearsincewetostudyinthisuniversity.

A.is;comeB.is;havecome

C.hasbeen;cameD.hasbeen;havecome

41.Thefactthatsomethingischeapdoesn’tmeanitisoflowquality.

A.necessarilyB.especiallyC.essentiallyD.practically

42.Theysetoffbycarandthenearesttown.

A.madeforB.madeafterC.madeoutD.madeto

43.Takethisbaggageandyoucanfindenoughroom.

A.putitwhichB.putitinwhich

C.putitatwhereD.putitwherever

44.Hedoesn’twantthathe’sgoingaway.

A..tobeknownB.himtobeknown

C.thattobeknownD.ittobeknown

45.Thenoisearoundwasterrible,butIhadtoit.

A.keepawayfromB.keepupwithC.livewithD.liveon

46.Hethathisguestswerebored,althoughtheywerelisteningpolitely.

A.impressedB.sensedC.inferredD.identified

47.OnSundaysIpreferathometoout.

A.tosay;goB.stay;goingC.staying;goingD.staying;go

48.I’dliketowritetohim,butwhat’sthe?Heneverwritesback.

A.significanceB.businessC.pointD.purpose

49.Therewereopinionsastothebestlocationforthenewschool.

A.disagreeingB.conflictingC.rejectingD.reverting

50.bythenewsofhisfather’sdeath,hecouldhardlyutteraword.

A.TobestunnedB.StunnedC.TostunD.Stunning

51.,we’dbettermakesomechangesintheplan.

A.ThatisthecaseB.Thatbeenthecase

C.ThattobethecaseD.Thatbeingthecase

52.Theyhaveequippedtheofficewiththebusinessmachines.

A.lastB.latterC.latestD.later

53.ThepolicefoundthatGeorgehadstillanotherofincome.

A.originB.sourceC.basisD.means

54.Anopen-mindedteacherdoesn’talwaysonesingleteachingmethod.

A.setasideB.takeoverC.takeonD.stickto

55.Muchtothestudent’s,theexamwaspostponed.

A.burdenB.concernC.reliefD.requirement

56.Childrennormallyfeelalotofabouttheirfirstdayatschool.

A.anxietyB.differenceC.feelingsD.trouble

57.Theweatherwashotthatshedecidedtohavethebarberherhairstyle.

A.rather;tochangeB.so;change

C.muchtoo;changeD.too;changed

58.Shemeetherformerinstructoronthebus.

A.delightedtoB.happenedtoC.pleasedtoD.tendedto

59.Justasnotwowordsaretrulysynonymousnotwodifferentexpressionscanmeanexactlythesamething.

A.ratherB.alsoC.yetD.so

60.Thenewengineer’ssuggestionswereintherevisedplan.

A.entitledB.engagedC.embodiedD.estimated

Thissupermarketdevelopedrapidlyunderhis_____.